Henry Fayol

Henry Fayol (1841–1925) was the French pioneer of management theory.Fayol believed management theories could be developed, then taught. His theories were published in a monograph titled General and Industrial Management (1916). This book offers the first theory of general management and statement of management principles.
His theorising about administration was built on personal observation and experience of what worked well in terms of organisation.

Fayol synthesised various principles of organisation and management and Taylor on work methods, measurement and simplification to secure efficiencies. Both referenced functional specialisation.
Both Fayol and Taylor were arguing that principles existed which all organisations - in order to operate and be administered efficiently - could implement. This type of assertion shows a one best way approach to management thinking.
Fayol's five functions are still relevant to discussion today about management roles and action.

1. to forecast and plan - prevoyance:examine the future and make plans of action
2. to organise:build up the structure, material and human of the undertaking
3. to command:maintain activity among the personnel
4. to co-ordinate:bind together, unify and harmonise activity and effort
5. to control:see that everything occurs comfortably with policy and practise

Fayol also synthesised 14 principles for organisational design and effective administration.These are;

1. Specialization of labour: Specializing helps people to improve their skills and develop improvements in methods.
2. Authority: The right to give orders and the power to exact obedience.
3. Discipline: The workers should obey and show respect to the organization.
4. Unity of command:Each employee has one and only one boss.
5. Unity of direction: A single mind creates a single plan and all play their part in that plan.
6. Subordination of Individual Interests: At work nothing should be thought rather than work.
   
7. Remuneration: Payment is an important motivator , so it must be fair in order to keep both the employees and employers satisfied.
   
8. Centralization:Consolidation of management functions:Employer gives the orders.
   
9. Chain of Superiors (line of authority):There is a hierarcy that commands are given from top to bottom.
   
10. Order: All materials and personnel have their own stable places and they must remain there.
11. Equity: Equality of treatment (but not necessarily identical treatment)
12. Personnel Tenure: Limited turnover of personnel. Lifetime employment for good workers.
13. Initiative: Thinking out a plan and do what it takes to make it happen.
14. Esprit de corps: Here Fayol emphasises the need for building and maintaining of harmony among the work force , team work and sound interpersonal relationships.

Resources
www.12manage.com/methods_fayol_14_principles_of_management.html
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Fayol
http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_762505611/fayol_henri.html
www.hrmguide.co.uk/history/classical_organization_theory_modified.htm