Division of Labor Assembly Line-Mass Production

Division of labour is the specialization of cooperative labour in specific, circumscribed tasks and roles, intended to increase efficiency of output.Historically the growth a complex division of labour is associated with the growth of trade, the rise of capitalism, and of the complexity of industrilization processes. Later, the division of labour reached the level of a scientifically-based management practice with the time and motion studies associated with Taylorism.
Assembly line is industrial arrangement of machines, equipment, and workers for continuous flow of workpieces in mass-production operations.The assembly line concept is a process developing depending on logic. The best known form of the assembly line, the moving assembly line, was made by Ford Motor Company between 1908 and 1913, became famous in the following decade by the social ramifications of mass production.Ford was the first company to build large factories around the concept.

An automotive assembly line starts with a bare chassis. Components are attached as the growing assemblage moves along a conveyor. Parts are matched into subassemblies on feeder lines that intersect the main line to deliver exterior and interior parts, engines, and other assemblies. As the units move, each worker along the line installs every part.Various assemblies are on the line simultaneously, but a complex system of scheduling decides the appropriate body type and colour, trim, engine, and optional equipment together to make the desired combinations.
Automated assembly lines consist entirely of machines run by machines, with little or no human supervision.Many products, however, are still assembled by hand because many component parts are not easily handled by machines. Expensive and inflexible, automatic assembly machines are economical only if they produce a high level of output. However, the development of adaptable machinery and industrial robots have improved the efficiency of fully automated assembly operations.
Mass production is application of the principles of specialization, division of labour, and standardization of parts to the manufacture of goods. Mass production methods are based on two general principles:
1-The division ond specialization of human labour,
2-The use of tools, machinery, and other equipment, usually automated, in the production of standard, identical parts and products.

Mass production systems are usually organized into assembly lines. The assemblies pass by on a conveyor, or if they are heavy, hung from an overhead monorail.

Technological changes in manufacturing practices, such as mass production and the assembly line, increased the production of goods by standardizing productive operations.Mass production made technology affordable to the middle class. Many of the devices that became commonplace had been developed before the war but had been unaffordable to most people.


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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_of_labor
http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9009928/assembly-line
http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9106304/mass-production
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_production
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_line