Types of Engineers

1-Electrical Engineering:Electrical engineering is the application of the laws of physics governing electricity, magnetism, and light to develop new technologies to help humankind.Applications in electrical power systems, complex digital systems for computers, control systems, robots, remote sensing and measurement systems.
2-Computer Engineering:It is a combination of software and and electrical engineering.Involves mainframes and microcomputers, distributed and parallel processing, languages, computational theory, wireless and mobile computing, data mining, and the mathematical structure.
3-Mechanical Engineering:The oldest field of engineering since it deals with the design of mechanical sytems including team and gas turbine power plants, automobiles, cooling systems for mechanical and electronic systems, and manufacturing processes.
4-Civil Engineering:A type of engineering that focuses on the design of structures for various purposes, primarily transportation.
5-Environmental Engineering: The application of science and engineering principles to improve the environment and provide a healthy water,air and land for human habitation and for other organisms.
6-Biomedical Engineering: involves the devices of devices that are intended to be used in medicine.Biomedical engineers design everything from mechanical prosthetic limbs and synthetic organs to advanced wheelchairs.
7-Chemical Engineering: involves studying the way atoms and molecules interact and react with the help of physical science and mathematics.
8-Aerospace Engineering: Includes design and production of aircraft, spacecraft, aerospace equipment, satellites and missiles.
9-Agricultural Engineering: The engineers who apply engineering science and technology to agricultural production and processing, and to the management of natural resources.
10-Metallurgy and Materials Engineering: This area deals with the development and production of metallic elements and their applications.
11-Mining Engineering: Involves many of other engineering disciplines as applied to extracting and processing minerals from a naturally occurring environment.
12-Petroleum Engineering: Deals with the production of hydrocarbons which can be either crude oil or gas.
13-Molecular biology and Genetic Engineering: It is concerned with the molecular cloning and transformation.
14-Industrial Engineering: a branch of engineering that concerns the development, improvement, implementation and evaluation of integrated systems of people, money, knowledge, information, equipment, energy, material and process.Industrial engineers are concerned with the management side of operations not the machinery side.Industrial engineers are given a broad background in electricity, computers, mechanics, and economics.Thus, while other types of engineers works in specific areas, industrial engineers can work in every field.Also since industrial engineers are responsible of increasing the efficiency of workplace they can make other engineers work more efficiently and productive.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_engineering
http://www.nativeaccess.com/types/manag_industrial.html
http://www.uta.edu/engineering/discovereng/
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_various_types_of_engineering
http://www.freeinfosociety.com/site.php?postnum=285
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering#Main_Branches_of_Engineering

What Do Engineers Do?

Engineers apply the theories and principles of science and mathematics to economical solution of pratical technical problems and they design all kinds of functional systems, products and services for modern living by applying a combination of mathematical, scientific and engineering fundamentals.Engineers solve problems and get things better , more efficiently and cheap.Engineers ensure that the products they manufacture are of the highest quality and meet safety standards.Engineering managers are distinguished from other managers by the fact that they possess both an ability to apply engineering principles as well as being able to organize, plan and manage technical projects.
In addition engineers not only contribute to modern technology but also to other fields including architecture, the global environment and medicine.

http://appsci.queensu.ca/prospective/engineering/info/
http://www.eng.nus.edu.sg/ugrad/prospective/engdo.html
http://www.teachingtools.com/Slinky/engineers.html

Engineering as a Proffesion

Engineering is a profession that provides people both mathematical and natural knowledge in order to have a control over materials and natural forces to facilitate our lives.Thus , by being an expert on these areas, engineers creates machines ,structures and processes. They should generate several solutions according to their knowledge and experiences. Therefore by discretion and judgement they reach optimum solutions.In addition they must be aware of their responsibilities since any kind of product can affect society.Consequently an engineer must be sure that the positive effects of a product overweights its hazards and it is good for people.

Origins of Engineering and Beginning of Engineering Education

From the earliest days of universities in the Middle Ages, proffesional schools have been associated with institutions of higher education. These schools provided training and education according to the needs of society. Those days, subjects were mainly about medicine.
As society's needs progress , some other subjects qualified for participation in university environment,including engineering. First, military engineers came up as the first engineers by the government in order to build up roads,bridges and fortifications.Then the term "civil engineering" entered the lexicon as a way to distinguish between those specializing in the construction of such non-military projects and those involved in the older discipline of military engineering.
As the other types of engineering appeared , universities began to give engineering education to their students.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering#History
http://www.seas.ucla.edu/hsseas/history/origin.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_education

Preference

If I were one of those scientists, I would prefer to be Henry Ford.The reason that influences me about him is his magnificent works about cars. Other scientist were mainly focused on improving the efficiency in the workplace by doing some researches on worker's psychology or how they work. Unlike them , Henry Ford mostly worked on designing cars or other vehicles that facilitates life and made distances even closer for all people from every class. He used assembly lines and and Ford Company sold millions of cars in a few decades. Thus, he is one of the scientists I have admired most...

GlLBRETHS

Gilbreths (Frank Bunker Gilbreth-Lillian Evelyn Gilbreth) were one of the great husband-and-wife teams of science engineering.They developed the method of time-and-motion study.This technique aimed to improve the workers efficiency and their outputs in the workplace.

Frank Gilbreth developed brick-laying system in the construction trade. He observed that every workers developed their own ways to work that no two of them used the same methods.These observations led him to seek one best way to perform tasks.

Although their study with time motion looks very similar to Frederick Taylor's time studies on scientific management, in fact there is much difference between them. While Taylor's methods are mostly on how the workers be paid or division of labor and strengthened role of management, Gilbreth's methods were mainly giving attention to eliminating the unneeded steps when doing a task.Thus Gilbreth reduced the necessary hand motions into 18 basic combinations which was named "therbligs".
Therblig means some set of fundamental motions to perform a required task and it contains;
Search,Find,Select,Grasp,HoldPosition,Assemble,UseDisassemble,Inspect,Transport loaded, transport unloaded, Pre-position for next operation, Release load, Unavoidable delay, Avoidable delay, Plan ,Rest to overcome fatigue.
After Frank Gilbreth's death, Dr. Lillian Gilbreth continued the work and extended it into the home in an effort to find the "one best way" to perform household tasks. She has also worked in the area of assistance to the handicaped, as, for instance, her design of an ideal kitchen layout for the person afflicted with heart disease. She is widely recognized as one of the world's great industrial and management engineers and has traveled and worked in many countries of the world.
Resources:
http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9036817/Frank-Bunker-Gilbreth
http://www.telelavoro.rassegna.it/fad/socorg03/l2/frank%20and%20lillian%20gilbreth.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Bunker_Gilbreth
http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9442362/Lillian-Evelyn-Gilbreth

Max Weber

Maximillian Carl Emil Weber was a german political economist and sociologist who was considered one of the founders of the modern study of sociology and public administration along with Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim.He is best known for his thesis of "Protestant Ethic" relating Protestanism and capitalism and for his ideas on bureaucracy.

Weber's early work was related to industrial sociology, but he is most famous for his later work on the sociology religion and sociology of government.

Weber's work on the sociology of religion started with the essay The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism which is his famous work and continued with the analysis of The religion of China:Confucianism and Taoism, The Religion of India: The sociology of Hinduism and Buddhism, and Ancient Judaism.
In The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, he tried to prove that ethical and religious ideas were strong influences on the development of capitalism.After defining the spirit of capitalism, Weber argues that there are many reasons to find out its origins in the religious ideas of the Reformation.
Weber proposed a four types of "Ideal Behaviour":zweckrational (goal-oriented), wertrational (value-oriented), affektual (guided by emotion) and traditional (guided by custom or habit).

Weber's other main contribution to economics (as well as to social sciences in general) is his work on methodology: his theories of "Vestehen" (known as understanding or Interpretive Sociology) and of antipositivism(known as humanistic sociology).Furthermore, his work on economic history of Roman agrarian society(his 1891 habilitiation) , the dual roles of idealism and materialism in the history of capitalism in his Economy and Society (1914) and his thoroughly researched General Economic History (1923) were some of his studies on Economics.

Resources:
http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9076388/Max-Weber
http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/profiles/weber.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_weber